Solar panel, also known as a photovoltaic (PV) module, is a device that converts sunlight into electricity. It is a key component of a solar power system and is made up of multiple solar cells. Solar panels are typically made of silicon-based materials and consist of several layers. The top layer is a transparent cover that protects the solar cells from environmental factors like dust and moisture. Beneath the cover, there is a layer of anti-reflective coating that helps maximize light absorption. The heart of a solar panel is the solar cells. These cells are made of semiconductor materials, usually silicon, that can generate an electric current when exposed to sunlight. When photons from sunlight strike the surface of the solar cells, they knock loose electrons from the atoms in the material, creating an electric current. The electric current generated by the solar cells is in the form of direct current (DC). To make this electricity suitable for use in homes, businesses, or industries, an inverter is used to convert it into alternating current (AC). Solar panels can vary in size and capacity depending on the application. They can be small and portable for outdoor activities or large and mounted on rooftops or ground-mounted systems for residential and commercial use.